Question
Can you clarify the different implications of the words “taharah” and “tazkiyah” as related to 9:103? Both of them have been used in the Qur’an for purification, and obviously the verse is devoid of redundancy. Can you clarify the differing implications of each word? And can you also clarify taharah and takiyah as it relates to Zakah?
Thanks
Answer
Although the words ‘Taharah’ and ‘Tazkiyah’ can sometimes be used as synonymous, yet there is a slight difference in the connotation of the two. The word ‘Taharah’ is used primarily for cleansing and purification from any undesired effects or qualities, while the word ‘Tazkiyah’, in addition to cleansing and purification, from the undesired effects and qualities, also entails the promotion, development and elevation of any desired qualities. In other words, ‘Tazkiyah’, in contrast to ‘Taharah’ is not merely to remove the undesired effects and qualities, but actually to replace such undesired effects and qualities with positive or desired qualities.
When used together, as is the case in Al-Taubah 9: 103, the word ‘Taharah’ implies cleansing from the undesired attributes, while ‘Tazkiyah’ implies the development and the elevation of the desired qualities.
In the referred verse, the Prophet (pbuh) is directed to be kind toward those people, who, even though are true in their faith – as against the hypocrites – yet, due to their weaknesses, keep getting involved in sin. The verse directs the Prophet (pbuh) to accept their contributions. This acceptance and kindness of the Prophet (pbuh) and his prayers for their forgiveness, would not only help them overcome their weaknesses (taharah) but would also replace these weaknesses by spiritual and moral strengths (Tazkiyah).
I hope this helps.
May 5, 2001