The Story of Abraham (pbuh) in the Jewish Tradition
Having read your articles responding to
the claim that the story of Abraham (pbuh) and the idols is borrowed from the
Midrash, I wanted, inshallah, to provide a little further information that I
have found in case this might clarify things.
The Christian missionaries have stated that the story of Abraham (pbuh) and the idols is not to be found anywhere in religious writings except this Midrash. In fact, this is incorrect. The Book of Jubilees, an apocryphal work, contains it. Below is a link to the translation of the Book of Jubilees on the web. The pertinent passage can be found at the beginning of Chapter 12.
http://www.bible2000.org/lostbooks/jubilees.htm
Interestingly, the introduction to the translation of the Book of Jubilees says
that it was probably written between 150 and 100 BCE (about three centuries
before the Midrash of Rabbi Hiyya), and that it was based both on the Hebrew
Bible and on apocryphal stories known at the time, of which the story of the
idols would be one. A further discussion of this can be found at:
http://www.biblereview.org/brj00/abraham.html
Another thrust of the missionaries' argument seems to be that the story was so
obscure that the Prophet (pbuh) could only have learned of it through direct
instruction from a Jewish rabbi in Medina. However, elements of it have
been discussed in the Talmud, particularly the rescue of Abraham from the fire.
The following is taken from the book "Everyman's Talmud" by Abraham
Cohen:
'Gabriel was the messenger of God on numerous missions...He wished to rescue
Abraham from the furnace into which he had been flung by order of King Nimrod,
but God said, "I am One in the Universe and he is likewise unique; so it is
proper that I Who am One should rescue him who is unique" (Pesachim 118a)'
(p. 51)
As well, the place of this story in the narrative given in the Torah, and
lessons that can be derived from it, have been discussed by many Jewish
scholars. Some citations of this discussion can be seen on the following
webpages:
http://www.ohrtorah.org.il/parsha/5758/noah.htm
http://www.jewishnt/com/torani/nehama/lech.html
http://www.emanuelnyc.org/bulletin/archive/47.html
One of these (http://www.emanuelnyc.org/bulletin/archive/47.html)
even states that 'every religious [Jewish] schoolchild' is familiar with the
story. Indeed, it is often quoted as part of the basic Jewish teaching
about Abraham (pbuh). This can be seen from the following links:
http://uahcweb.org/shabbat/lechlecha.html
http://www.lia.org/midrash.html
http://oh.verio.net/~alyza/Jewish/lechlcha.htm
http://www.ga2k.org/learning.phtml
http://torahbytes.org/60-03.htm
http://www.jewfaq.org/origins.htm
Based on all of the above information, it appears that the essence of the story
dates back to at least 150 BCE, when it was already commonly known, and that the
story was well-known in Talmudic times (c. 100-500 CE), has been thoroughly
discussed by the scholars, and is accepted by most traditional Jews as fact.
The scholars have even discussed the question of why the story ISN'T in the
Torah (http://www.jewishnt.com/torani/nehama/lech.html).
It seems from this that the Jews of Medina must have been as familiar with this
story as they were with what is in the Bible, so it was no more odd to them that
the Quran would mention it than it was that the Quran would mention stories that
ARE in the Bible. That would explain why there is no record that they
protested about it or claimed that it had been 'plaigarized' by the Prophet (pbuh).
Inshallah, I hope this information may shed some light on the question.
W'as-salaam wa Ramadan kareem
Laura
M. Poyneer